Welcome to Political Economy Database

At Political Economy Database, we strive to provide a comprehensive collection of legal, social and political resources to enrich your understanding of the world around you.   This is material that may be useful for both students of political economy as well as members of the general public with an interest in understanding important local and global issues that may impact their daily lives.  We try to provide this information in the most simple language and form that even those who are non-academics can easily understand. 

 

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At Political Economy Database, our aim is to identify, investigate, analyse and publish the most important and current issues in political economy, adding regular updates  of their developments, accompanied by a discussion of any relevant critique and views on these developments.  In doing so, we strive to provide a comprehensive collection of legal, social and political resources to enrich your understanding of the world around you.  Information is constantly researched and frequently updated to ensure accuracy and currency.

 

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Legal Headlines & Flash-Points

Access legal documents, court rulings, and analysis for comprehensive legal research.

 

  • On September 2nd, the US military carried out a strike on a commercial Venezuelan vessel which it claimed was carrying drugs and drug traffickers.  11 civilians were killed in the strike.  President Donald Trump went on social media to boast about the strike.  Two days later, speaking in Ecuador, US Secretary of State made it clear that this was now official US policy, threatening that the US will "blow up" foreign crime groups if needed.  But is this legal?  We believe that it is not.  In our view this type of action is not allowed under international law.  There seems to us to be clear violations of humans rights law as well as maritime law during the lethal actions taken on Tuesday. The vessel was clearly not a military vessel.  If the US was convinced that the vessel carried illegal drugs or criminals, it had the option of intercepting the vessel - by force, if necessary, if it tried to enter its waters.  This option was ignored.  There was no report of violence from the vessel to warrant a case of using lethal fire as self defense either. This was clearly summary justice and this is not allowed either in domestic nor international law of progressive societies.
  • On July 30, the UK High Court Ruled That Palestine Action Can Challenge the Ban Which Was Recently Imposed on it By the UK Government Using Terrorism Legislation to Apply the Ban. In Explaining the Considerations That Impacted the Ruling Justice Chamberlain Pointed Out That the Ban - As applied By the Government "Might Conflict With Rights to Free Speech".

 

  • On July 30, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Announced His Government's Intention to Follow the Direction Taken By France to Formally Recognize Palestine As An Independent State.   While the Political Impact of These Decisions Will Depend On Numerous Other Variables, Their Legal Impact Might Be Huge.  If the United Nations Finally Recognize Palestine As A Legitimate State, It Immediately Redefines the Legal Definition Of A Lot Of What Israel Does in the Territory.

 

  • Ukrainians Have Recently Been Demonstrating Over the President's Decision To Change Corruption Laws. Under Zelensky's Proposals, Corruption Bodies Would Now Come Under Political Control And Therefore Lose Much Of Their Legal and Political Independence.  Despite the Ongoing War With Russia, Many Ukrainians Still Find This Proposal Unacceptable

 

  • In July, the UK Government Announced It's Intention to Table Legislation in the Current Parliament That Will Significantly Change the Minimum Legitimate Age For Voters From 18 to 16: - A Dramatic 2-Year Reduction!

 

  • Once Again, the US Supreme Court Has Delved Into Sensitive Politics By Making a Ruling That Will Effectively Constrain the Power of Local Judges to Block Some of Donald Trump's Presidential Orders.   

 

  • During the Recent Conflict Between Iran and Israel (and the United states) the Question Was Asked, What Options Does Iran Have in This Conflict? One of the Less Know Options is That Iran Has the Legal Right to Close the Strait of Hormuz. Under International Law, States Exercise Sovereign Control Up to 12 Nautical Miles From Their Coastline. If Iran Ever Chose to Exercise This Option, It Would Cause Significant Harm to the Global Economy as This Strait is a Vital Waterway for Global Trade and a Significant Proportion of the World's Energy Supplies Pass Through it. If This Was Disrupted, Energy Prices Would Skyrocket, Affecting the Price of Almost Everything Else, Especially in Western, Oil-Dependent Countries. 

 

  • The Lower House of the UK Parliament (House of Commons) Has Now Passed the Assisted Dying Bill, Which Will Now Go to the Upper House (the House of Lords for Confirmation. But is This a Genuine Triumph for the Libertarian Values of Individual Freedom and Choice, or is it Merely a Backdoor to Allow Significant N.H.S. Cop Out of the Responsibilities for Some Long-Term Care, Especially of the Elderly and Recurring Ill? The Most Vulnerable of Our Society!

 

  • In June, We Saw Examples of the Central Role Played By the Judiciary in American Democracy.  Firstly, A US Federal Judge Ruled That Donald Trump's Deployment of National Guard Troops in California, and Ordered the President to Immediately Return Control of the California National Guard to the Governor of the State of California. 

 

  • Then, the US Appeals Court Temporarily Blocked That Order of the Federal Court Made Just a Few Hours Earlier, Thus allowing the President to Keep the Troops On the Ground in California for the Time Being.

 

  • In July, the UK Reached an Agreement With the EU Over the Legal Status of Gibraltar - a British Overseas Territory Bordering Spain.  These Negotiations  Have Been Going on Since Brexit. Details of the Deal Will be Released Later.

 

  • In June, a US Appeals Court's Ruling Placed a Temporary Suspension on a Federal Court's Decision Earlier on in the Week, Which Had Effectively Outlawed Donald Trump's Recent Sweeping Trade Tariffs.  We Await Developments on this Important Case.

 

  • On the Wednesday, the Court of International Trade Had Ruled That the President's So Called "Liberation Day" Tariff Scheme was Illegal! If This Ruling of the Federal Court is Allowed to Stand, it Will Have Huge Implications for the US President's Trade and Economic Policy.

 

  • Does the State - the American State in Particular, Have the Authority to Determine Admission Policies of Independent Universities and Tertiary Institutions? This Legal Point Will be Tested in Court as Harvard University Files a Suit Against the Trump Administration's Block of the University's Enrollment of Foreign Students.

 

  • In June, the UK High Court First Issued an Injunction to Halt the UK's Intended Transfer of the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, Then a Few Hours Later the Same Court Rules That the Deal Can Go Ahead! A Deal Has since been Agreed and Ratified! 

 

  • Hungary’s Recently Proposed Bill Which Will Impose Wide Restrictions on Organization Receiving Foreign Monetary support, Has Been Heavily Criticized by The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) as an Attack on the Feedom of the Press and Demonstration of the Hungarian Government's Unrestricted Power, With the Press Advocacy Group Calling on European Union (EU) Leaders to Condemn the Bill. 

 

  • Legal Experts Have Called for The Council of Europe to Recognize the "Right to a Healthy Environment". These Rights Have Already Been Recognized by the UN General Assembly and the Human Rights Council in Resolution A/Res/76/300, which was adopted on July 28, 2022; and in Resolution A/HRC/Res/48/13, which was adopted on October 8, 2021..

 

  • The English Cricket board (ECB) Follows the Suit of the English FA By Banning Transgender Women from Cricket in England and Wales, to Go Alongside Their Ban From Participating in Women's Football.

 

  • Former Trans Judge, Victoria McCloud, Intends to Challenge the Recent High Court Ruling That Based the Definition of a Woman on Biological Sex.

 

  • The UN's Highest Legal Body - the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Continues to Hear Case Brought Against Israel by the UN and the Palestinian Authority Alleging  Israeli  Blockade of Humanitarian Aid to Gaza.  But Will the Ruling Make Any Difference on the Ground. What Authority Does the Court Have to Enforce its Rulings?

 

  • UK Supreme Court Rules That the Definition of a Woman is Based on Biological Sex! Huge Significance Here for Gender Definitions and LGBT Rights in the UK!

 

  • Does Law Really Matter in the World Anymore or are Legal Rules Meaningless When They Conflict With the Interests and Wishes of Those Who Control Material Resources and Political Power?

 

  • The White House and the El Salvadorean President Decide not to Return US Residents Recently Wrongly Deported to El Salvador? Can They Do This? Is it Legal?

Social Headlines & Flash-Points

Explore societal trends, cultural dynamics, and social issues for a deeper understanding of communities.

 

  • A Massive 6.0 Magnitude Earthquake Has Struck Eastern Afghanistan With Some 1,400 People Already Confirmed Dead and Over 3,000 Wounded. The Quake Has Caused Significant Damage in Urban Areas and Totally Destroyed Some Villages in Eastern Afghanistan. The Impact Could be Felt as far as Pakistan's Capital Islamabad!   The World Health Organisation (WHO) is Estimating That More Than 12,000 People Have Been Affected By the Quake.  Because of the Nature of the Terrain and Difficulties With Access to a Lot of the Most Seriously Affected Areas, Getting Aid in is Already Proving to Be Problematic.  

 

  • The European Union Has Just Announced That This Year is the Worst on Record For Wildfires Within the Block As Over a Million Hectares of Land and Vegetation Have Been Scorched and Destroyed By Wildfires Primarily in Spain and Portugal. 

 

  • A Number of Significant Ecological Disasters Have Rocked the Planet Recently As the Debate Around Global Warming Continue.  In July, Storm Floris Imposed Some Serious Weather Conditions On Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales and Parts of England, Felling Trees, Closing Roads & Bridges, Disrupting Rail Services, And Creating Significant Risks To Air Travel.  A Couple Weeks Before That, A Massive Earthquake Off Russia's East Coast Registering a Gigantic 8.8 Magnitude, Triggered Huge Tsunami Waves That Reached Japan and As Far As the US West Coast,, Forcing Many Countries To Speedily Adopt Drastic Measures  To Protect Their Coasts and People. Small Island Are Particularly Exposed and At Risk To These Dangers. 

 

  • In the Previous Month, Devastating Floods in Texas Claimed Over  A Hundred Lives. These are Really Terrible Tragedies From Ecology Disasters Which Has Resulted in Harsh and Unexpected Human Suffering.  How, if at All, Did Man and Industry Contribute to This, and Is There Anything That Can Be Done to Mitigate Against Future Occurrences?

 

  • Throughout the Summer, the Searing Temperatures Across Europe Had Deadly Effect With a Number of Heat-Related Deaths Reported in at Least Three Different Countries. In June Alone, Two Farmers Were Killed in Wildfires in Spain, Three Men Died in Italy and one Young Girl Died in France After Each Became Unwell as a Result of the Extreme Temperatures. A Wildfire Which Injured More Than 100 People Also Ravaged Marseilles. 

 

  • Temperatures Kept Rising in Europe Throughout the Summer With the UK Repeatedly Recording Hottest Days of the Year!  Global Warming is Real Folks!  Even Before Summer Started There Was a Lot of Evidence of Excessive and Unnatural Heat.  The Hottest Ever Start to May Was Recorded in the UK and Many Parts of Europe! Is This More Evidence of an Accelerating Global warming?

 

  • At the Opening of the Oceans Conference in Nice, France in June, UN Secretary General António Guterres Warned That We Mustn't  Allow the Oceans to Become Another "Wild West". He Criticized, in Particular, Ambition of Some Political and Economic Interests Including US President Donald Trump Regarding the Mining of the Deep Sea.  Gutteres' Warning Was Echoed by French President Emmanuel Macron, Who Declared That the "Oceans Are Not For Sale".

     

  • The Key Goal of the Conference Was to Secure Agreement to Bring Into Force the Proposed "High Seas Treaty", - a Treaty Designed to Put 30% of the Oceans Into Protected Areas, Which Was Already Negotiated in 2023 and Ratified by 60 Countries. 

 

  • In May, on the Eve of his 99th Birthday, Environmental Expert and Activist David Attenborough Told Prince William That He Was Appalled By the Damage That Was Being Done to the Ocean Floor by Certain Commercial Fishing Methods, Describing it as "Unspeakably Awful".

 

  • The UK's Sea Temperatures Were Already Unnaturally High in Spring and Continued to Rise Throughout the Summer.  Impacts of Climate Change? 

      

    • Why is a Non-European Nation - Israel, Allowed to Take Part in the Euro-Vision Song Contest? What does This Have to Do with Political Economy?  It's Clearly Neither a Social, Geographical or Cultural Decision.

     

    • The Call in June by UN Experts for the Council of Europe to Recognize the Right to a Healthy Environment Specifically Targets a "Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment", and is a Follow up on an Appeal in November 2024 by UN Special Rapporteurs Urging the Body to Address the Triple Planetary Crisis of Intertwined Climate Change, Biodiversity Loss, and Toxic Pollution.

     

    Political & Economic Headlines & Flash-Points

    Engage with political theories, historical contexts, and policy analysis to make informed decisions.

     
    • UK Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner has resigned! On Friday September 5th, she announced her resignation from both the post of Deputy Prime Minister as well as the Housing Secretary.  The  MP for Ashton-under-Lyne's position in the current UK government became untenable this week after  she finally admitted serious tax breaches involving a seafront property she had bought earlier this year.  Earlier she had been insisting that she believe that she had done nothing wrong but on Wednesday she admitted that she had failed to pay the required amount of tax - stamp duty, to be precise, on the property bought in Hove, East Essex earlier this year.  Ms. Rayner claims that she had been given wrong advice which led to that failure.  A plea of ignorance, I would say.   Each of us have to decide the extent to which we accept this explanation, but because of Ms. Rayner's position, especially her job as Housing Secretary and a former Labour's sleaze tsar, many people were very unsympathetic, believing that these are issues that she should be very familiar with and always on top of.  As we noted earlier this week, those who make the political rules that we all have to adhere to, also have a habit of breaking those rules, but often escape having to pay the same costs that the rest of us have to pay for similar breaches. And this fact irks a lot of common people.  So people were looking to see what punishment or costs, if any, the Deputy Prime Minister would incur for these breaches. And for a time it did look like Ms. Rayner would escape any serious punishment for her actions. Whilst admitting that she had considered resigning over the issue and announcing that earlier in the week she had referred herself to the government's ethics advisor, up until Thursday she still had not resigned and Prime Minister Keir Starmer made it clear publicly that the Deputy Prime Minister still retained his full support and that he had no intention of sacking her.  On Thursday also, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Rachel Reeves, as well as the Leader of the House of Commons, Lucy Powell both voiced their continued public support and backing for the Deputy Prime Minister.  There was therefore very little pressure on the deputy prime minister from her colleagues and the people around her to resign.  So it is very refreshing to now see the Deputy Prime Minister herself taking responsibility for her failings and doing the honourable thing.  Not too many politicians do this anymore unless they are forced to do so. And this is very important because we need to retain some integrity in politics.  

     

    • The decision taken by Angela Rayner to resign her posts as Deputy Prime Minister and Housing Secretary in the UK government must be lauded as a honourable act.  This is because she was under no public pressure from the powerful people around her to do so and it is refreshing to see politicians taking responsibility for their actions.  We need more of this culture of accountability and integrity in modern politics.  Angela Rayner did the right thing in resigning. It may be sad to see her go because she is one of the few genuine working class persons left in senior politics in this country. Growing up in poverty on the council estates of Manchester, Ms. Rayner's background sharply contrasts those of her mostly privileged colleagues. In her early years she worked in care has genuine links to true working class labour movements and trade unions. 

     

    • Following the resignation of his deputy prime minister and housing secretary, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has been busy rescheduling his cabinet.  Early reports of that reshuffle show up some notable appointments including new jobs for David Lammy as Deputy Prime Minister and Justice Secretary.  Yvette Cooper moves from her role as Home Secretary to take up the post of Foreign Secretary vacated by Mr. Lammy.  Shabana Mahmood is appointed to take over Cooper's old job as Home Secretary.  Steve Reed will replace miss Rayner as Housing Secretary and Pat McFadden will become secretary of state for the newly created Work and Pensions Ministry.  

     

    • Political theatre has been on show this week in Beijing as China's President Xi Jinping hosts a number of notable world leaders - including some regarded by the West as global pariahs, as part of a military parade held in the infamous Tienanmen Square on Wednesday September 3rd to commemorate  the 80th Anniversary of "Victory Day", which marks Japan's surrender and the end of World War II. The guest list makes significant reading.  Whilst there weren't any major western leader in attendance, a long list of notable non-Western invitees included Russian President Vladimir Putin, North Korean President Kim Jong-un, Myanmar's military leader Min Aung Hliang, as well as the Indonesia President and the Malaysian Prime Minister. On show were some very sophisticated, advanced new and powerful weaponry likely to worry the West, including nuclear-capable missile that can be launched from sea, land and air, lasers, hypersonic anti-ship missiles, and the latest airborne and water-based drones with sophisticated spying capabilities.  Xi made a show of deliberately seating Putin and Kim to flank him on either side, and this arrangement lasted throughout the entire parade.  These very public images were not very welcome in western capitals and US President Donald Trump responded very angrily to the defiant images on his Truth Social accusing the three leaders of conspiring against America.  But the question is, "what is Xi Jinping's game plan here?  Is China sending a public message to the world that It can offer not just an alternative global economic path and leadership to rival the US-Led Western hegemonic order that currently dominate the world, but also a potential military alternative and leadership.  What happened in the days leading up to this parade also lends some strength to this argument. On Monday and Tuesday, Xi was very visible in Beijing with some very telling photo ops with Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which seemed choreographed to publicize the growing friendship and alliance between arguably the three most powerful non-Western states.  They should be taking notice in Washington, London, Paris and Berlin!

     

       

      • This Tuesday September 02, 2025, Belgium Became the Latest Country to Declare it's Intention to Formally Recognize the Palestinian State, With the Foreign Minister Maxime Prevot, Warning That the Belgian Government Would Introduce "Firm Sanctions" Against the Israeli Government.

       

      • The UK Labour Government Seems to Be Buckling Under Pressure From the Right Wing Reform Party and the Opposition Conservatives on the Troubled Question By Shifting to the Right on the Troubled Question of Immigration. On September 1st Home Secretary Yvette Cooper Announced That the Government Was Suspending Refugee Family Reunion Applications in an Overall of the Asylum System.  This Seems to Be a Direct Response to Try and Counter Policies Announced by Reform Leader Just a Few Days Before and  an Immigration Bill Proposed by the Tories in the House Representatives Last Week.

       

      • While the Global Media Continues to Focus on Politics in the Developed World, a Number of National Elections are Upcoming Over the Next Few Weeks in Some Important Developing States Which are Expected to be Significant in Shaping the Future Path of Those States. These Include The Guyanese General Elections (Legislative) on September 01, the Jamaican General Elections (Legislative) on September 03, the Bolivian Presidential Elections on October 19, the Argentine General Elections (Legislative) on October 26, and the Tanzanian Presidential Elections on October 29.    in Israel Has Now Officially Exposed It's Intention To Occupy All of Gaza- Which Any Unbiased Analyst Could Always See Had Been It's Intention All Along. 

       

      • The Reform Party Continues to Make Waves in the UK With Regular Defections Primarily From the Conservatives. This Week Witnessed a Significant Defection From the Scottish Parliament.  On Wednesday, MSP Graham Simpson defected from the Conservative Party, Giving Reform Their First Ever Elected Representative in Holyrood.  This is the Continuation of a Long Line of High Profile Defections From the Conservative Party to Reform, Which Last Saw Former Tory Chairman Jake Berry Joined Reform From the Conservatives  in July.

       

      • Israel's Decision To Occupy All of Gaza Might Have Come As a Surprise to Many, But Not To Us at P.E.D. It Was Clear For Years That This Was Israel's Plan all Along.  And it Became Much Clearer Over the Last 12 Months.  Only One Thing Was Deterring or Delaying This Action: The Potential Attitude of the United States. Israel Knows That Such a Move Can Only Be Sustainable With US Support.  And During Joe Biden's Presidency Israel Had No Guarantee of This Support.  So the Important Thing To Note is That It Could Only Make This Declaration Now If It Was Confident That It Could Rely on the United States To Back It In This Illegal Act. And It Can.  If You Look at The Statements That Donald Trump Has Made About the Palestinians Since Entering the White House, His Views on their Land and Plans For Their Displacement Have been Very Similar to Those of Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu.  It is Really Disgusting, Inhumane and Evil!

       

      • While the United States Seems Relaxed About Israel's Plan to Take Over Gaza, Other Western States Including the UK and Germany Are Very Unhappy About It.  UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Condemned the Plan and Germany Later Announced That It Will Suspend Some Arms Exports to Israel As a Result of the Decision.

       

      • The United Nations Has Warned That There is a Serious Risk of Widespread Starvation and Famine Breaking Out In Gaza as a Result Of Israel's Continuing Policies of Blockade, Occupation and Military Action. Officials in Gaza Are Claiming That More Than 100 People Are Killed Daily in the Strip From Starvation, Malnutrition or Bullets or Bombs of the IDF!  On a Single Morning in August, Some 7 Malnutrition Deaths Were Reported and Over 90 Reported Killed by the Israeli Military While Seeking Food Aid.  And This Has Become the New Normal in the Strip!  Is the "Free" World Going to Just Sit By and Do Nothing But Watch Silently As This Catastrophe Unfolds?

       

      • In August, the UK Government Joined France in Recognizing Palestine As An Independent State.  Prime Minister Keir Starmer Made the Announcement.   The Decision Was Crititicised by Both the American President Donald Trump and Jewish Leaders, Who Argue That  the Action Risks Rewarding Terror.  More Than 100 Countries, Including European Neighbours Ireland and Spain Have Already Recognized the State of Palestine. of Palest

       

      • In July, French President Emmanuel Macron Announced His Intention To Recognize Palestinian Statehood and the UK and Other Western Nations Were Put Under Pressure to Follow Suit. Eventually the UK Did.  But Will This Induce Any Significant Change in the Attitudes Or Behaviour of Either Israel or the United States - the Two Countries That Really Matter?

       

      • In July, the United Nations Declared That There Was Starvation in Gaza and Pointed the Finger Firmly at the State of Israel For Creating This Condition Through Their Military Action and Blockade of the Territory, Which Prevents the UN and Other Aid Agencies From Delivering the Aid Which the People - Men, Women and Children, so Desperately Need. Medics in Gaza Report Multiple Deaths From Starvation Daily, Many of them Children.  Of Course, Israel Denies This. Can You Comprehend Why Humans Would Do This to Other Humans?

       

      • Along With the Thousands That Have Died From Starvation Or Malnutrition, Many Others Continue to To Be Killed Daily By The Israeli Military As They Seek Food. In July, the UN Reported That More Than 1,000 People Had Been Killed By Israel While Seeking Aid.  The Numbers Have More Than Doubled Since Isn't This Worse Than a Prison?

       

      • In July, the UK Government Announced It's Intention To Reduce the Voting Age Across the UK From 18 to 16!  If Successful, This Move Will Make An Additional 1.5 Million Young People Eligible to Vote By the Next Election. 

       

      • Paul Biya - the 92 Year Old President of the Central African Republic of Cameroon Has Announced  His Intention To Run For a Record 8th Term in Office, Seeking to Extend His Already Record-Breaking 43 Years in Office! How Do We Feel About This? Can This Type of Stranglehold on Power Be Good For Any Modern Country? And What About His Age? If He is Successful in This Re-Election Bid, the President Could Be 100 Years Old By the Time His Next Turn in Office Expires!

       

      • In a Public Expression of Dissatisfaction With the Situation, Issa Tchiroma Bakary, a Prominent Minister in the Current Cameroonian Government and a Long-Time Ally of President Biya Quit His Government to Challenge the President in the Upcoming Elections, Describing the Biya Government as "Broken" and a "One Man Confiscation of Power". 

             

            • Two Former Left-Wing Labour MP's - Former Party Leader Jeremy Corbyn and MP Zarah Sultana, Proposed the Formation of a New Political Party in the UK.   How Will This Impact the Labour Party Itself? Could it Have an Impact Similar to the One the  Formation of the Reform Party Had on the Conservative Party.?

             

                       

                       

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